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Computer Specs

So you're buying a computer and you're not sure what to make of all those acronyms and numbers listed in the specifications, right?  Isn't it great that at times like these, you know you can count on your faithful ShopWiki friends to help out?  This guide will help you decipher the jargon so you'll feel much more confident when that salesperson starts to sidle up to you with a pitch.

Quick hints:

  • The higher the specification numbers, the better the quality and likely, the more expensive the equipment.
  • If you need to run certain software, such as digital imaging or games, verify that the system you are considering will meet these requirements.

Processor Speed, Make, and Model

The processor speed may also be called the clock speed and is measured in Gigahertz (GHz).  This number indicates how quickly the CPU (central processing unit or microprocessor) runs--that is, how fast the CPU can access and process information.  The faster the processor speed, the faster you will be able to work on your computer.

To determine what speed is right for you, it is important to consider how you intend to use your computer for the next three or so years.  If you will only be using a word processor and browsing the web, you should be fine with an Intel Pentium Dual Core  or an AMD Sempron  processor for Windows, or an Intel Core 2 Duo  for Macs.  If you will be using multimedia-heavy programs or are a gamer, consider an Intel Quad Core.   When all is said and done, you should look for a CPU of at least 1.5-2.0 GHz, and spend as much as your budget allows on a quality processor; this way, it is less likely that your technology will become immediately obsolete.  For more information on the Intel/AMD battle, see the review at CNet.com. 

RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory, but is often just referred to as memory.  It works directly with the CPU to manage open programs and maximize the speed at which each process can run, all without slowing down the computer's overall speed.  Today's RAM consists of integrated circuits that allow data to be accessed in any order; therefore access is not dependent on physical location, as is the case with with tapes and optical discs.  This property is generally measured in megabytes (MB), but gigabytes (GB) are now becoming more and more common (many high-end computers have about 2-4GB).  Look to have at least 256 MB of RAM, but the average user will want about 512MB; gamers and graphic designers should look for about 1024MB (1 GB).

Hard Drive

The hard drive is the main storage unit in a computer and is a specification with which many consumers are familiar, even if they might not know how large theirs is.  In general, hard drives are measured in gigabytes, but terrabytes (TB) are starting to become somewhat common--that's a lot of data!  The average user storing music and photos on his or her computer will need about 60 GB, but if you plan to use your machine as your primary media centre, you will obviously need a larger drive.  If you're looking for a temporary solution, think about an external hard drive. 

CD/DVD Drives

 Since floppy discs have basically gone the way of the dinosaur, the current way to export and transfer data (and also to facilitate media piracy, but you didn't hear it from us) is via CDs and DVDs.  To do so, you need an integrated or external CD or DVD Burner and the discs on which you will be burning the data.  Pay attention to the discs: if "RW" is indicated (i.e. CD-RW), this means that you will be able to read from and write to that disc over and over again; if only "R" is noted, if you don't get everything you need on the disc in one go, you're out of luck--you will no longer be able to write anything to it.  However, CD-Rs are playable in nearly all stereo systems, and CD-RWs are not, so each type has its place.  To facilitate media transfer, if you have a computer tower, you might want to get a second CD or DVD drive so you can directly and expediently copy from a CD/DVD to another.

Note the drive speed and the transfer rate (e.g. 8x, 16x, 24x, 32x, etc.) of the burner you are getting; again, the higher the number the better.

Sound Card

A sound or audio card  is the component that will give you a rich audio experience as you are gaming, watching a DVD, or listening to music.  Since they are fairly interchangeable, however, don't let a poor sound card  in an otherwise great computer be a deterrent--you'll be able to upgrade if you choose.  If you are paying for a quality card, be sure to invest in a set of speakers that will do it justice.

Graphics Card

If you are a graphic designer or a gamer, you are going to want a high quality graphics card, which, in turn, will require higher processor speeds and more memory (remember to check that the basic system requirements for the software in question).  Good brand names here are the ATI Radeon  or the Nvidia GeForce. 

Software

There are certain software programs that will ship with your new computer, but if they are not clearly indicated or only a trial version is included, be sure to ask so there are no unpleasant surprises when you get home.  Many software bundles come at an extra cost, so make sure you're aware of what you need and don't pay for more than is necessary.

Related Guides

Computers and Software

Components and Hardware

Building a Computer

External Hard Drives

Windows vs. Mac

External Links